Enets

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Enets

One of the smallest minorities of the North, the Enets reside in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. In pre-revolutionary literature, all Enets were referred to as the Yenisei Samoyeds. In the 1930s, linguist and ethnographer Georgiy Prokofiev introduced the ethnonym “Enets” into academic circulation.

General Information
The Enets roamed the tundra and forest-tundra zones, which naturally divided them into two groups: the tundra and the forest Enets. Both groups differed in language and traditional culture. The tundra Enets (self-name somatu). The forest Enets called them madu, the Nenets mado, the Russians the Khantai Samoyeds (after the name of the Khantai winter quarters, which is where they came to pay their fur tax in pre-revolutionary times). In summer, they moved with their reindeer herds across the tundra between the Yenisei and the river Pur, in winter migrating to the south, to the Malaya Kheta river and Lake Pyasino. The forest Enets (self-name pya bai). The tundra reindeer-herding Enets called them pe-bai (forest bai) or by the names of the main clan groups: Muggadi, Yuchi, Bai; the Nenets called them Mongkandi and Bai; the Russians called them the Karasin Samoyeds (after the name of the Karasinsky winter quarters). They roamed in the forest zone south of what is now Dudinka.
Surrounding society and the main economic activity of the region of residence

Most Enets people live in Potapovo and Vorontsovo, but they have recently been leaving these villages, moving to other places of the Taimyr Peninsula, for instance, Norilsk and Dudinka.

Spiritual Culture

The supreme deity of the Enets was Nga, the demiurge living on the upper level of the sky. Nga was the master of both people and nature; he was the master of the deer and decided when to give people good weather for plying their trades. The central female deity was Dya-menyuo (“Earth the Crone”). Dwelling on earth, she could rise to heaven, where she would meet with Nga. Nga's eldest son, Todote, was a malevolent deity, the evil incarnate. He ate people, hunting them the same way people hunt animals. The amuks (“grasping spirits”) under his control helped him in this.

Supplementary materials
Other materials describing the life, culture and history of the people
Cartography
Interactive Atlas of the Indigenous Small-Numbered Peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East